Machine tool numerical control changes transformed necessity to reach its to transform a method (one)

The article introduced machine tool numerical control to change transformed necessity above all, introduced machine tool numerical control simply to change transformed content and its actor weakness next, and how is the key undertaking at introducing machine tool numerical control is changed transform, in including the choice of numerical control system, numerical control to transform, to main machinery the component changes his costume or dress discuss and machine tool numerical control transforms main measure, listed the example that a few numerical control transform, the problem in explaining numerical control is transformed finally offerred a proposal. One, the necessity that the machine tool has counting accusing to change transforming 1 microcosmic see transformed necessity microcosmic on look, numerical control machine tool has the advantage that highlights below than traditional machine tool, and the might of the computer that these advantage all come from place of numerical control system to include. Can machine a traditional machine tool to machine the complex part such as the curve that does not come out, curved surface. Because the computer has excellent operation capacity, can instantaneous is calculated well and truly the athletic amount that gives instantaneous of every reference axis to should move, because this is OK and compound,become complex curve or curved surface. Can implement the automation of treatment, and it is flexible automation, thereby efficiency can raise 3 ～ than traditional machine tool 7 times. Because the computer has memory and storage capacity, can remember the course of the input coming down with memory, the order that sets by the program next is carried out automatically, implement automation thereby. Numerical control machine tool should change only a program, with respect to the automation that can implement another workpiece to machine, make thereby odd with pre production be able to automation, reason was called to come true " flexible automation " . The precision that machines a spare parts is tall, dimension is spent dispersedly small, it is easy to make assemble, need no longer " make repairs and supply replacements " . Can realize the concentration of multitask foreword, reduce a hardware between the machine tool carry often. Have call the police automatically, a variety of self-discipline functions such as automatic monitoring, automatic compensation, can come true consequently long unmanned guard treatment. By above the advantage of 5 derive. Be like: Reduced labor intensity of the worker, saved able-bodied person (a person can attend to much stage machine tool) , reduced tool, shortened cycle of new product trial-produce and production are periodic, can make quick response wait a moment to market demand. Above forefathers imagination is less than these advantage, it is an earthshaking breakthrough. In addition, machine tool numerical control is changed or carry out FMC (flexible production unit) , FMS (flexible production system) and CIMS (CIMS) the foundation that waits for enterprise informatization to transform. Numerical control technology has made the core technology of manufacturing industry automation and fundamental technology. 2 macroscopical see transformed necessity macroscopical on look, of industrial developed country army, civilian machinist job, in 70 time end, 80 time machine tool of large-scale application numerical control already began first. Its are constitutionally, use IT to be opposite traditional industry (include army, civilian machinist job) undertake technical reformation. Divide outside numerical control machine tool, FMC, FMS is being used in making a process, in still including to be developed in the product, carry out CAD, CAE, CAM, fictitious make and MIS is carried out in manufacturing management (management information system) , CIMS is waited a moment. And IT increases in the product that produces in its, the content that includes artificial intelligence to wait. Because use IT to be opposite foreign army, civilian machinist job undertakes be transforminged deep (say for informatization) , make finally their product is in international army is tasted and civilian the competition ability on tasted market increases greatly. And we transform traditional industry respect to lag behind 20 years about than the developed country in IT. In having an amount like our country machine tool, the proportion of numerical control machine tool (numerical control is changed rate) have 1 only to 1995.

9 ％ , and Japan already was amounted to 1994 20.

8 ％ , because this has import of many mechanical and electrical products every year. This also from macroscopical on explained machine tool numerical control changes transformed necessity. 2, how to undertake machine tool numerical control is changed transform 1, what abroad transforms line of business is arisen the developed country waits in the United States, Japan and Germany, their machine tool is transformed increase a trade as new economy, the business is abundant, lying golden age. As a result of the ceaseless progress of machine tool and technology, the machine tool transforms the task that is a " lasting " . The machine tool of our country transforms line of business, also enter the new industry that gives priority to with numerical control technology from old industry. Be in the United States, Japan, Germany, have broad market with machine tool of numerical control technical reformation and product line, already formed the new industry that machine tool and product line numerical control transform. Be in the United States, the machine tool transforms course of study to call machine tool second birth (Remanufacturing) course of study. The well-known company that pursues second birth trade has: Company of Bertsche engineering company, Ayton machine tool, Devlieg-Bullavd (get treasure) company of equipment of service group, US. The United States gets treasure company to already was in Chinese open company. Be in Japan, the machine tool transforms course of study to call a machine tool to change one's costume or dress (Retrofitting) course of study. Be engaged in changing one's costume or dress the well-known company of course of study has: Group of big engineering rivering bend, hillock is company of aircraft of work of 3 mechanical companies, 1000 acting field, wild Qi engineering company, bank cropland engineering company, hill this engineering company. 2, the numerical control that numerical control turns transformed content machine tool and product line changes transform main content to have the following: It is to restore primary function firstly, the breakdown part that exists to machine tool, product line undertakes diagnose and resumptive; It is NC is changed secondly, on general accuracy machine tool addend shows plant, or addend controls a system, transform NC machine tool, CNC machine tool; It is face-lifting thirdly, to raise precision, efficiency and automation rate, undertake face-lifting to mechanical, electric part, assemble treatment afresh to mechanical part, restore former precision; The CNC system that not contented to its production asks undertakes updating with newest CNC; Its 4 it is the technology is updated or the technology innovates, to increase function or class, or to use new technology, new technology, in original basis the technology with aspirant more extensive travel is updated or the technology innovates, relatively what increase level and class substantially is newer transform. 3, numerical control changes transformed actor weakness (1) reduces investment, date of delivery short purchase photograph of new machine tool to compare together, can save 60 ％ ～ commonly the charge of 80 ％ , transform expense low. Especially large, special machine tool especially apparent. General and large machine tool is transformed, only beautiful new machine tool purchases the 1/3 of charge, date of delivery is short. But a little special situation, if high speed main shaft, tray hands in those who trade unit automatically to make,take a lot of work too with installation, costly, often transform cost to raise 2 ～ 3 times, with purchase photograph of new machine tool to compare, can save investment only 50 ％ left and right sides. (2) mechanical function is stable and reliable, the structure accepts the base such as the lathe bed that is restricted to use, pillar it is heavy and solid cast component part, is not the sort of soldering component part, the machine tool function after transforming tall, quality is good, can continue to use as new facility old. But get the limitation of rigid before structure, unfavorable do transform revolutionarily. (When 3) is familiar with maintenance of understanding equipment, facilitating operation to buy new facility, do not understand new facility to whether can satisfy its to machine a requirement. Transform criterion otherwise, accurately computation gives the process capability of the machine tool; Additional, because be used for years, handlers understands the character of the machine tool already, be used in the operation and maintain a respect to groom time is short, get effective fast. Transformed machine tool has been installed, can realize full load movement. (4) can make full use of existing condition can make full use of existing foundation, when need not resembling purchasing new facility, need to build foundation afresh in that way. (5) can use the development rate that newest control technology can innovate according to the technology, improve the automation standard that produces equipment and efficiency in time, increase equipment quality and class, will old machine tool changes the machine tool of current level. 4, the system of choice numerical control of numerical control system basically has 3 sort model, when transforming, answer to undertake choosing according to particular case. (1) pace pulls the open loop system that use into electric machinery the servo actuating device of this system basically is the pace is entered into pace of electric machinery, power electric machinery, electro-hydraulic pulse motor. By pulse of instruction of feed of missive of numerical control system, after via drive circuit control and power magnify, make the pace turns into electric machinery, through gear deputy as deputy as ball guide screw drive implements a part. The amount that should control instruction pulse only, frequency and electrify are ordinal, controallable the displacement quantity that executive component moves, speed and athletic way. The actual place that this kind of system does not need to measure place and speed feedback to input end, friend says for open loop system, the displacement precision of this system basically enters the angular displacement precision of electric machinery on the pace definitely, the pitch precision of the transmission component such as gear guide screw, displacement precision of the system is so inferior. This construction of system is simple, debug maintenance to go to the lavatory, the job is reliable, cost is low, easy change one's costume or dress successful. (2) asynchronous electromotor or dc electric machinery procrastinate move, the system of closed circuit numerical control that grating surveys feedback the distinction of this system and open loop system is: Detect by the position such as synchronized of grating, induction the signal of real position feedback that device measures, undertake comparative with set-point at any time, will both difference is worth enlarge and commutation, drive actuator, with given rate moves towards the way that removes deviation, be equal to till the poor value of the actual seat that gives the position and feedback 0 till. System of closed circuit feed is more complex than system of open loop feed on the structure, cost is high also, to environmental room temperature the requirement fathers. Design and be being debugged is more difficult than open loop system. But can obtain taller than system of open loop feed precision, rapidder rate, the characteristic index with drive greater power. Can ask according to product technology, whether does the decision use this kind of system. (3) is handed in / dc servo electric machinery procrastinates move, detecting element of system of half closed circuit installs the system of numerical control of half closed circuit that coder feedbacks inter drive on, indirect measurement carries out the position of the component. It can compensate the error of component of part of interior of systematic annulus road only, accordingly, its precision is lower than the precision of closed circuit system, but its structure and debug relatively closed circuit system is simple. In mix angular displacement detecting element and speed detecting element consummate of servo electric machinery need not consider the position to detect when a whole the installation problem of device. The company manufacturer that produces numerical control system currently is more, of foreign well-known company be like German SIEMENS company, Japanese FANUC company; Domestic company if company of group of system of numerical control of machine tool of spaceflight of company of Chinese Mount Everest, Beijing, China in numerical control company and Shenyang are high-grade research center of project of numerical control country. The requirement of the power that electric machinery of all sorts of precision that the machine tool after be being transformed according to numerical control should achieve, drive basically is when selecting numerical control system and user. CNC Milling