The development mechanism of contemporary cutting technology reachs technical feature

From 20 centuries 80 time begin, cutting technology obtained rapid development in industrial developed country, be opposite to 20 centuries end the person is taken at the beginning of the century be main technique feature with high speed cutting, efficient cutting " contemporary cutting technology " new level. Review the history, cutting treatment makes a professional technology only then at 19 centuries end at the beginning of 20 centuries, already had gone up to now full the course of a century. After cutting technology comes out, regard the foundation of production technology as craft all the time, producing main effect, had made important contribution for the industrialization of industrial developed country and economic progress. Although be in this process, cutting technology itself also obtained not little progress, but till 20 centuries 669 time, did not surmount the category of traditional cutting technology on the whole, the use of the development that its most prominent symbol is cutting tool and production and cutting tool and user basically are mutual depart, did not form promote each other, the mechanism of joint development. Since entering part of a historical period of 20 centuries second half, wait for burgeoning science and technology and as scientific as the data with cutting close together and relevant technology rapid progress as a result of the computer, microelectronics, cutting technology also got rapid development as the development of manufacturing industry and the progress of production technology, entered the new level of contemporary cutting technology. Compare with traditional cutting technology photograph, contemporary cutting technology is reflected not only for cutting speed efficiency of faster, treatment is taller, and formed new development mechanism and mode, show new technical characteristic, become the main technique factor that promotes manufacturing industry and development of modern production technology. Accordingly, understanding and the development mechanism that master contemporary cutting skill and mode reach its technology characteristic, be helpful for accelerating the development of technology of our country cutting. Inside a paragraph of after developing a mechanism to come out in cutting technology quite long period of contemporary cutting technology, a problem is perplexing tool industry and cutting tool user from beginning to end, that is, if use the good cutting tool with more valuable price to undertake cutting is machined, although can improve cutting efficiency, but can raise production cost, the user thinks to the loss outweights the gain. Accordingly, a lot of users hate to part with the cutting tool that spends more money try to win sb's favor, afraid cutting tool is very fast after perhaps buying good sword worn-out, decide cutting tool life very longly. These ideas and practice block up of cutting tool update, affected tool manufacturer to develop the enthusiasm of new cutting tool, restricting cutting efficiency raise the progress with cutting technology. Graph the cost model that model of 1 production cost makes economics (the cutting tool that 1) seeing a picture announced to had applied and reduce the underlying concern between production cost. This one model makes the part devoir solution be cutting tool charge, general overhead expenses (the overhead expenses related to treatment) with treatment charge (the) such as pay of machine tool use cost, worker, among them cutting tool charge occupies 3% ～ only 4% , general overhead expenses is occupied 25% the left and right sides, and treatment charge can be as high as 70% . According to scale of this one cost, can reach the following conclusion: If inactive pursuit reduces cutting tool cost, its can reduce a spare parts to make the very few percentage in cost only as a result, reduce cutting tool cost for example 50% , spare parts production cost also can drop only about 2.

5% , and because end consideration is used cheap cutting tool and the cost cost that increase machine down time or reduces cutting dosage to may increase. If use good cutting tool, although cutting tool cost may raise, but because can raise cutting speed or feed -- for example rises 20% -- can make occupy a spare parts to make this treatment charge of 70% drop 10% above, greatly 2 what prep above arises by place of charge of economic cutting tool.

The benefit of 5% . Be in at present the view with cutting relatively general industry is: Raise cutting speed or feed rate 15% ～ 20% , can reduce production cost 10% ～ 15% . A lot of cost analyse case to still make clear, although good cutting tool value is more expensive, but because rose to machine efficiency, apportion the cutting tool charge to each workpiece not only did not increase, decrease somewhat even. This cost analyses a model to still tell us, when using good cutting tool, if be not noted,be pursuit only again prolong cutting tool life, can get very finite result only to reducing production cost, be just the opposite to what one wished possibly even. The scale that foundation of company of gram of hill spy dimension makes Sweden similarly analyse model and American manufacturing industry originally made forecast below: If American manufacturing industry popularizes the cutting tool with applied better performance, make cutting rate rises generally 20% , can save treatment cost so every year 15 billion dollar. The United States uses up cutting tool charge every year to restrain 3 billion dollar, if increase the cutting tool investment of 1/3 for this, also cost 1 billion dollar more only, can produce the beneficial result of 15 billion dollar however however. This shows, the innovation of cutting cutting tool can rise " 39 batches of hoisting jack " effect. According to the circumstance of our country, association of technology of cutting tool of cutting of metal of Chinese machinist job is begun in the whole nation at putting forward 2004 " Chinese knife assist 20 projects " , aim to groom through the talent, the promotion of contemporary cutting technology and advanced cutting tool, through cutting industry " produce, learn, grind, with " joint efforts, improve the cutting efficiency of our country machining 20% . If be the cutting tool charge of this our country to need to break up one time, need to raise cutting tool cost about 10 billion yuan of RMBs, and through improving cutting efficiency 20% , the whole nation can save treatment cost 800 ～ 100 billion yuan of RMBs. Already the case of a few enterprise proves now, pass hard, improve cutting efficiency 20% more even be complete likelihood. Current, afore-mentioned models increase cutting technology and the immanent connection that create considerable benefit for user and society with what place of a series of numbers, case announces, already was mixed to accept by more and more tool manufacturer and understanding of place of cutting tool user, and the powerful motive force that translate into urges cutting technology to progress, be in 20 years short in right-and-left time, introduced to cutting technology the new level of contemporary cutting technology. Present circumstance is: On one hand, afore-mentioned cost models give tool manufacturer very big encouragement, and accordingly establish " innovation craft, innovation cutting tool, improve cutting efficiency, serve for the user " brand-new management concept, for cutting infuse of technology of this traditional workmanship new vitality, make tool manufacturer becomes the main force that develops contemporary cutting technology; On the other hand, model of this one cost also is accepted by place of more and more cutting tool user, formed " use cutting technology new achievement actively, apply advanced cutting cutting tool to improve treatment efficiency, reduce production cost, enhance company competition ability " new thinking, those who make manufacturing industry is provided to advanced knife take seriously and demand reached unprecedented level, become draw the mighty power that uses cutting technology to develop quickly. This kind " pull move " quicken simply not be pair of cutting technology development, gifted however the development mechanism with cutting new technology and motivation, make its from with use the traditional cutting technology that be out of line to transfer to face new level of technology of as user demand, contemporary as what use close together band cutting. The treatment of technical feature cutting of contemporary cutting technology takes a person new level of contemporary cutting technology, mirror in the development cutting technology to establish the mechanism that in tool manufacturer and cutting tool user photograph interconnection uses not only, and the following and apparent technology trait still is shown on the foundation here. The new cutting technology such as high speed cutting, efficient cutting, hard cutting, dry cutting broke through the technical obstacle that traditional cutting technology is raising treatment efficiency respect to encounter in the round, changed cutting to machine appearance from whole these new technology apply at the cutting such as manufacturing industry of car, aviation, mould, equipment to machine " large family " , not only twice rose to machine efficiency, and promoted product development and craft innovation. For example, after craft of milling of high speed of component of occurrence aluminium alloy of aviation manufacturing industry, make an airlines large structural member need not reoccupy component undertakes constructional, and can use component of aluminium alloy of integral thin wall to replace, not only reduced component part weight, increased component part intensity and tigidity, and rose to machine quality, reduced production cost. The auto industry that is a characteristic with big batch production is the pioneer of new technology of research and development and applied cutting more, developed a lot of efficient new technology that machine the main component such as engine, gear-box, make manufacturing pitch time shortens greatly. In recent years, the mould industry of rapid development can say is with efficient mould cutting craft grows together, milling of large mould high speed and the pattern that craft of milling of strong pattern of temper by dipping in water changed a tradition machine craft, shortened greatly mould development cycle, to get used to the need that mould industry admits quickly, already formed technical area to be machined to the mould " mould cutting tool " new series, the fastest kind develops in making contemporary cutting cutting tool. Graph the cutting of hard steel of 2 temper by dipping in water is machined meanwhile, traditional car, mill, get the bounds that waits for cutting craft to be broken ceaselessly, appeared a few new cutting machine a method. Be like new the milling cutter that roll out can be versed in as Kong Jia cutting tool undertakes bore and reaming, decreased to change knife time, rose to machine efficiency; The inserts crankshaft of milling cutter, treatment car that is like metal of antrum of model of can efficient purify again - the car helps technology, take the place of with mill on compound turning center the mill car craft of the car, whorl high speed that replaces hard alloy tap with milling cutter of hard alloy whorl machines craft to wait a moment. Cutting craft is ceaseless get rid of the stale and bring forth the fresh, appear piece flourishingly opportunity of survival, developing the new field of production technology. In addition, reach as all sorts of compound machine tools " a machine tool or outfit clip complete full treatment " technical development, will change the traditional idea that cutting machines further. Cutting tool material and coating technology obtained significant progress, what established cutting of high speed of important matter foundation, efficient cutting, hard cutting, dry cutting for the birth of contemporary cutting technology is practical the development of the improvement that changing should be attributed to cutting tool material above all and coating technology. The development of cutting tool material is mirrorred on the comprehensive progress of function of all sorts of cutting tool material, the treatment efficiency that makes cutting machines each domain rises in the round. Among them, should emphasize the progress of material of two kinds of cutting tool particularly, exceed the progress of PCD of material of strong cutting tool, CBN and hard alloy material namely. Material of PCD, CBN has tall hardness and particularly good wearability, ever was sent to hope at becoming the drive person of high speed cutting, but because its sex is fragile, quite a paragraph long after come out inside period, its are practical change a course slow. In recent years, control and adjust what carry the element such as granuality of composition of workmanship of material of pair of PCD, CBN, recipe, organization, material tenacity gets marked improvement, breed grow in quantity, applied domain expands, make application exceeds material of strong cutting tool to undertake the hope of high speed cutting became reality. PCD is the high speed that waits for metalloid material in material of the nonferrous metal such as aluminium alloy, black lead, synthesis, efficient there is distinct advantage in cutting treatment; CBN is in cast-iron high speed treatment and hard cutting. Superior cutting performance also is shown in the development of dry cutting new technology and application. New-style CBN cutting tool is used at the finish machining of hardware of temper by dipping in water not only, and also can use at interrupted cutting and rough machining, for cutting technology new development was taken bigger anticipate. Graph 3 with turning of CBN cutting tool old roll hard alloy regards cutting tool as material, also existing all the time the contradiction of hardness and tenacity. Although come for years,it waits for the application in cutting working procedure to machined efficiency to produce main effect to rise in the round in treatment of turning, milling, aperture, the blemish with Dan Jiren poor sex did not get marked improvement. Enter 20 centuries after 80 time, the fine grained, development that exceeds fine grained hard alloy makes the tenacity of hard alloy had great rise, can use at making bit thereby, establish the general cutting tool with the quantity wide bedding face such as milling cutter, tap, make the treatment efficiency of general cutting tool rises substantially. Nowadays, with the broach of integral hard alloy that exceeds fine grained hard alloy to make, establish milling cutter to already got applied generally, cutting rate can rise than high-speed steel cutting tool multiple, make hard alloy makes applied range truly thereby the cutting tool material with the widest, best integral performance. Another of hard alloy material significant progress is the development of material of gradient hard alloy, make the surface layer of matrix of razor blade of coating hard alloy rich auger, raised the tenacity of point of hard alloy blade, reduced collapse blade not only, and can use the base material that fights plasticity to had been out of shape, increased the carrying capacity of bit, improved the cutting performance of razor blade of coating hard alloy significantly. The birth of technology of cutting tool coating and its application are called to be the milepost on cutting technology phylogeny, but coating technology obtains significant progress is thing of nearly more than 10 years. In CVD coating domain, the wearability that the TiCN of lukewarm CVD reached coating of thick film Al2O3 to improve bit in and fight crackle patulous ability. The development of PVD coating particularly conspicuous, appeared not only TiAiN, Al - the wear-resisting coating such as TiN, AlCrN, TiSiN, Al2O3, still have all sorts of lubricant coat such as MOS2, DLC, WC/C, and the new coating structure such as gradient coating, accept rice coating, make the function of coating rises greatly. Of wear-resisting coating microscopical hardness achieves 4500Hv, begin oxidation temperature to achieve 1100 ℃ , coating and matrix union strength are better, cutting tool life rises into 10 times ground; And lubricant coating is reducing cutting tool attrition, advantageous cut bits to eliminate to wait for side effect remarkable, can drop cutting tool temperature, improve performance of cutting tool cutting. Current, the development impetus of coating technology in the ascendant, with its function much, effect good, development is rapid wait for an advantage, become raise the step with the most significant function of cutting tool cutting currently, development perspective is very wide. Still need to point out, material of new-style cutting tool (especially hard alloy) the significant progress with coating technology is the important matter basis that forms contemporary cutting technology, and be support the core technology that contemporary cutting technology develops continuously, basically urge action to the move since the development of cutting technology. The growing of famous tool industry on eye preexistence bound and development all without exception build the base in technology of these two core over. Know this to have important sense to the development direction of industry of tool of program our country. At present our country has individual tool manufacturer to have hard alloy material and coating technology only resource of these two kinds of core, this kind of current situation and the demand that contemporary cutting technology expands very unworthily, must try to change. Our country is tungsten resource big country, development produces cutting tool material to having advantaged requirement, develop material of advanced cutting tool, resource advantage change is product advantage, competition advantage, it is the important task of Chinese tool industry; The brand of cutting tool material that founds ceaseless innovation should make the characteristic of Chinese tool industry and strong point, the progress that advances world cutting technology even to develop our country thereby produces due effect. Be in " suit the remedy to the case " , below the ideal guidance that the system optimizes, the innovation speed of cutting tool new name, new product is accelerated greatly, offer new efficiency resource cutting tool to serve as a kind of tool ceaselessly for manufacturing industry, it is the craft factor that energy has most in production system, in the process that is in ceaseless innovation. In phase of contemporary cutting technology, the development of cutting tool has two big characteristics: It is innovation speed is accelerated. Two years Beijing international machine tool is exhibited (CIMT) already became manufacturer of tool of world each country " new product news briefing " , new material name, new coating product, new cutting tool (piece) structure, new cutting tool bucket and outfit clip technology, new treatment method emerge in endlessly, the person that make look around too many things to see. These new products perhaps raise cutting rate, reduce production cost, perhaps improve treatment quality, each have distinguishing feature. 2005 the 9th CIMT is exhibited on the meeting, the United States agrees the expert of offer company tells us: " agree the develops inside 5 years new product in the sale 2001 takes offer company 17% , and to 2004 this one scale rises to 45% , every 1 ～ has new product 2 weeks to put in the market now. " the information according to company of a few famous cutting tool, the develops inside 5 years new product in its sale is occupied 50% the left and right sides, the new product that some companies say to its are developed inside 3 years should be occupied 35% . The new product that when hill spy dimension overcomes a company to was in Beijing 2005 new product news briefing rolls out has 600 kinds. Agree the new product that offer company put about 9000 different specifications on in all 2004. 2 it is establish the innovation train of thought that the system optimizes. Well-known, the workpiece data that because different treatment spare parts, nature is changeable,cutting processes and specific treatment requirement and differ in thousands ways, present a diversity and complexity. Want to obtain good treatment result, should use the cutting tool that suits specific treatment object most. Undertake to parameter of cutting tool material, coating and bit chamfer form, geometry or structure the system is optimized, specific aim ground develops applicable cutting tool, just can obtain first-rate cutting result. On the foundation that optimizes in the system, develop brand of hard alloy of a kind of coating newly now to often can improve cutting efficiency than original name 20% above, some can amount to 50% above even. A kind of new cutting tool product can provide a kind of new treatment result, or improve treatment efficiency significantly, be like in recent years popular big feed milling cutter, every tine feed is amounted to 3.

5 ～ 4.

0mm, for 10 times of general milling cutter; The feed that is like razor blade of draw together smooth turning again can raise one times. Some cutting tool have muti_function characteristic, can reduce the time that change a knife, raise machine tool utilization rate, be like muti_function milling cutter is achievable pour brae of shoulder of stage of plane of horn, mill, mill, mill, hole milling to wait for 8 kinds of working procedure; Be like again muti_function whorl milling cutter can achieve air of bore, mill continuously knife, pour 4 working procedure such as whorl of horn, mill, walk along a knife to be able to machine a whorl aperture on sincere material. Some cutting tool are had reduce cutting force, check cutting is oscillatory. Be helpful for discharging the function such as bits, can arise lengthen the cutting tool life, result that improves treatment quality. These build the new product that optimizes development on cutting principle foundation to have powerful vitality, play the new movement that gives contemporary cutting technology ceaselessly. Graph 4 individual plant continent treatment of Inc. of diamond cutting cutting tool is cast-iron " Hei Jingang " industry of tool of bit our country must increase own innovation capacity energetically, have due effect to build innovation nation. For this, need to establish above all " serve for the user " management concept, here serving for the user is not general merchandise " after service " concept, provide the overall service of new technology of treatment problem solution, development and new cutting tool for the user however. The concern of this kind of service of both sides of supply and demand can make cutting tool user enjoys admirable technical natural resources adequately not only, also make tool manufacturer obtained those who take at the same time not the innovation fountainhead of exhaust, accelerated the process of own innovation. Tool manufacturer of China must transform idea, build the system that serves for the user, exercise the skill that serves for the user, become the eligible member of contemporary tool industry stage by stage. After the connotation of contemporary cutting technology enlarges cutting treatment to enter new level of contemporary cutting technology, appeared accordingly a lot of new relevant technologies, make the component with contemporary cutting indispensable technology, make the connotation of cutting technology expands. For example, technology of high speed cutting applies at rotating above all cutting tool, basically be milling treatment, inchoate ever exceeded main shaft rotate speed 10000 turn the doorsill that ／ cent regards high speed as cutting, around move this one target, the related to machining center technology of development includes high speed main shaft, fast feed, tall add (decrease) fast technology and the numerical control system that suit high speed cutting; The related to cutting tool technology of development includes HSK(hollow short awl handle) knife handle, 7: Knife handle of 24 two surface contact, high speed rotates the safe technology of cutting tool (the construction that includes cutting tool, safe attestation, safety is used etc) with technology of cutting tool dynamic balancing (include adjustable standard of dynamic balancing of the cutting tool of the balance and knife handle, cutting tool, dynamic balancing checks an instrument to wait for) . To use integral hard metal general cutting tool undertakes high speed is machined, need raises cutting tool to install the precision of clip and tigidity, developed hydraulic pressure collet, shrinkage fitting collet, force to shrink early or late the collet of new-style cutting tool such as collet and technology of attune of cutting tool outfit. In addition, to raise cutting tool utilization rate, reduce cost of cutting tool government, still developed the technology of form a complete set such as database of software of cutting tool management, cutting, raise the integral level that cutting machines with contemporary IT. Current, besides have specialization outside the company is developed and producing technologies of these form a complete set and product, manufacturer of a few large omnibus tool also includes groovy range of products them in, form form a complete set to supply an advantage, maintain as synchronous as cutting tool product development. Can say, without technologies of these form a complete set, do not talk to go up contemporary cutting technology. Today, the period that we are developing quickly at technology of a cutting, this also is the times that tool industry is able to develop this skill to full. Our country is the country with relatively backward technology of a cutting, it is important that existing technology and product cannot have satisfied manufacturing industry the demand that industrial department has to advanced knife, our country is used at numerical control machine tool and the high-grade cutting tool that introduce product line to go up to basically count an import, the amount that imports cutting tool every year already took the in part of quantity of total demand. Accordingly, accelerate the development of cutting technology, make full use of the high grade resource of advanced cutting tool, to our country construction creates powerful nation and the historical job that finish new-style industrialization, implementation promotes the goal of equipment manufacturing industry, have great real sense not only, and increasingly pressing. CNC Milling